Regularised analytical constant modulus algorithm for space–time coded systems

Space–time coding is an effective approach to increase the data rate and capacity of a wireless communication system that employs multiple transmit and multiple receive antennas. It involves coding techniques that are designed for multiple transmit antennas. We apply the analytical constant modulus algorithm (ACMA) for blind channel estimation (no use of training sequences) of space–time coded systems and explore the constant modulus (CM) constraints of the transmitted space–time codes (STCs). A regularised scheme that gives good performance in Gaussian and non-Gaussian noise environments is proposed. Computer simulation results in both single-user and multiuser cases show the improvement in error performance.