Deployment strategy of WSN based on minimizing cost per unit area

Unbalance energy consumption is an inherent problem in wireless sensor networks characterized by multi-hop routing and many-to-one traffic pattern. Uneven energy dissipation can waste a lot of energy and cost. In this paper, a new deployment strategy of WSN that gathers several means is proposed to minimize cost. The regular hexagonal cell architecture is employed to build network that satisfies the constraints of coverage and connectivity. Based on the analysis of energy consumption of sensors and sink and cost of network, an energy allocation theorem and an integer programming model are presented to minimize the cost per unit area. The key issue is to determine the number of layers of network when other parameters are fixed. Furthermore, a scheme of multi-sink network is proposed for large monitored area. In order to balance the energy consumption of sensors on the identical layer, a uniform load routing algorithm is presented. The numerical analysis and simulation results show that the waste of energy and cost of WSN can be effectively reduced with the strategy.