Fair exchange protocol of Schnorr signatures with semi-trusted adjudicator

In this paper, we propose an optimistic fair exchange protocol of Schnorr signatures with a semi-trusted adjudicator. In this protocol, we enforce the adjudicator accountability in the protocol to relax excessive reliance on the trust of the adjudicator, so that the adjudicator only needs to be trusted by the signer. We present a security model and then show that the protocol is strong EUF–CMA secure under the standard Discrete Logarithm (DL) assumption in the random oracle model. Finally, we compare the performance of the fair exchange protocol of Schnorr signatures.