Accuracy of three different techniques for automatically estimating innervation zone location

The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of the estimated innervation zone (IZ) locations obtained from cross-correlation, the minimum amplitude, and maximum center frequency criteria. Eight healthy men (mean ± SD age = 23.0 ± 4.3 yrs) performed isometric muscle actions of the leg extensors, and 15 separate bipolar surface electromyographic (EMG) signals were detected from the vastus lateralis. A custom software program was used to estimate the location of the IZ based on: (1) the EMG channel that demonstrated the lowest amplitude, (2) the EMG channel that showed the highest mean frequency, and (3) the EMG channel that demonstrated the lowest peak cross-correlation between the signals from adjacent channels. The IZ location estimates from the lowest amplitude and highest mean frequency criteria were accurate in only 43.75% and 7.5% of the cases, respectively. The accuracy of the cross-correlation-based method was 90%. The cross-correlation-based method was much more accurate for estimating IZ location than were the lowest amplitude and highest mean frequency criteria. Cross-correlation could potentially be used for estimating the location of the IZ without the need for visual inspection of EMG signals.