Filter-matrix lattice Boltzmann simulation of lid-driven deep-cavity flows, Part II — Flow bifurcation

Following the first part of this study, the filter-matrix lattice Boltzmann (FMLB) model is now applied to the investigation of the bifurcation behavior in the lid-driven deep-cavity flow. In this second part, the first Hopf bifurcations in the lid-driven cavity flow patterns with aspect ratios of 1–5 are examined in detail, revealing that the critical Reynolds number converges to a constant value with the increase of the cavity depth, and that the time-dependent vortex structures are periodic or quasi-periodic once this critical Reynolds number is exceeded. Through comparison against the relevant numerical results reported in the available literature, the present FMLB approach demonstrates its effectiveness and usefulness in studying the bifurcation phenomena arising in complex lid-driven deep-cavity flows.