Improvement of isopropanol tolerance of Escherichia coli using adaptive laboratory evolution and omics technologies

•Parallel ALEs of E. coli were performed to obtain IPA tolerant strains.•Genome re-sequencing and transcriptome analyses of IPA tolerant strains were performed.•Mutation of relA, marC, proQ, yfgO, and rraA provided IPA tolerance.•Expression change of genes related to several amino acid biosynthesis, iron ion, and central metabolism was observed.•Results from these experiments provide clues to understanding the mechanism of IPA tolerance.

Isopropanol (IPA) is the secondary alcohol that can be dehydrated to yield propylene. To produce IPA using microorganisms, a significant issue is that the toxicity of IPA causes retardation or inhibition of cell growth, decreasing the yield. One possible strategy to overcome this problem is to improve IPA tolerance of production organisms. For the understanding of tolerance to IPA, we performed parallel adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) of Escherichia coli under IPA stress. To identify the genotypic change during ALE, we performed genome re-sequencing analyses of obtained tolerant strains. To verify which mutations were contributed to IPA tolerance, we constructed the mutant strains and quantify the IPA tolerance of the constructed mutants. From these analyses, we found that five mutations (relA, marC, proQ, yfgO, and rraA) provided the increase of IPA tolerance. To understand the phenotypic change during ALE, we performed transcriptome analysis of tolerant strains. From transcriptome analysis, we found that expression levels of genes related to biosynthetic pathways of amino acids, iron ion homeostasis, and energy metabolisms were changed in the tolerant strains. Results from these experiments provide fundamental bases for designing IPA tolerant strains for industrial purposes.