Antioxidant properties of atypical antipsychotic drugs used in the treatment of schizophrenia

The aim of this study was to compare the antioxidant activities of six atypical antipsychotic drugs: clozapine (CLZ), quetiapine, olanzapine (OLA), risperidone, ziprasidone, aripiprazole (ARI), as well as a typical antipsychotic drug, haloperidol. Several tests of antioxidant activity were used: protection of thiol groups against oxidation by peroxynitrite (PN) and 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1, generator of PN), oxidation of dihydrorhodamine 123 by PN, SIN-1 and hypochlorite (NaOCl), bleaching of fluorescein fluorescence by PN, 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH, generator of peroxyl radicals) and NaOCl, radical-scavenging activity with respect to 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical and the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Potential. In most of the tests, OLA showed the highest antioxidant activity, followed by CLZ and in some cases ARI, other compounds being much less active or not active. OLA and CLZ exerted limited toxicity on mouse neuroblastoma Neuro-2A (N2A) cells and protected the cells against the toxic action of SIN-1, AAPH and NaOCl in the physiologically relevant concentration range of these oxidants. Both drugs reduced the PN-induced nitration of intracellular proteins. Given that schizophrenia is associated with oxidative and nitrosative stress, the direct antioxidant activity OLA and CLZ may contribute to the therapeutic action of these compounds.