PEAS-LI: PEAS with Location Information for coverage in Wireless Sensor Networks

•An improved PEAS protocol, to improve the coverage and connectivity is presented.•First, PEAS is run as Vieira et al. (2003), and then, state and location information are exchanged.•Second, nodes make their decision to be active, based on the gathered information.•PEAS-LI supposes that each node knows its location in the area of interest.•Our algorithm performs better than DecovPDS, CCSID, and PEAS.

Probing Environment and Adaptive Sleeping (PEAS) is one of the most cited protocols in the literature for coverage in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). PEAS maintains only two variables: the number of received messages N and the period of time T necessary to receive these messages. Sensor nodes do not keep any information about their neighbors. In this paper we present PEAS-LI an extension of PEAS to improve the coverage and connectivity. PEAS-LI operates in two steps, initially we apply PEAS as described in Ye et al. (2003) then the neighbors exchange their state and location information in order to estimate precisely the coverage and to make their decision basing on the gathered information. The alone additional requirement is that PEAS-LI supposes that each node knows its position in the monitored area of interest (AI). PEAS-LI performance evaluation proves that it is a robust protocol with high coverage ratio and that it outperforms PEAS and a set of other protocols.