Color image segmentation using PDTDFB domain hidden Markov tree model

The PDTDFB domain hidden Markov tree (HMT) model, where the white nodes represent the hidden state and the black nodes represent the PDTDFB transform coefficient associated with that hidden state and the links between the white nodes capture the dependences across scales: (a) 4-4 decomposition structure and (b) 4-8 decomposition structure.