Short-term load forecasting using bayesian neural networks learned by Hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm

► We examine the impact of buyback policy on retail price, order quantity and wholesale price in a duopoly of two manufacturer-retailer supply chains. ► We assume that the demand follows a general distribution similar to a newsvendor case. ► We show that buyback strategy can lead to a higher profit than non-buyback in both Vertical Integration (VI) and Manufacturer.s Stackelberg (MS) in competing supply chains.