A survey of design and implementation for optical camera communication

Visible Light Communication (VLC) has emerged as a promising technology for wireless communication owing to advantages such as bandwidth, license, coexistence and security. Additionally, it was officially standardized by IEEE 802.15.7 in 2011. However, it faces certain challenges that can be considered as grounds to develop a revised version. Optical camera communication (OCC) operates in the same channel band as VLC with more advantages on receiver characteristic and is a candidate for the standardization of issues in IEEE 802.15.7r1. Specifically, OCC presents a new and inexpensive technology that is different from other technologies such as radio frequency technology. Its advantages include the usage of built-in cameras in smart devices that can act as receivers for OCC. Existing lighting systems, such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs), liquid-crystal displays (LCDs), and digital signage, can operate as transmitters. This study provides an overview of extant research on the design and implementation of OCC. The analyses and discussions in the survey present relevant fields of implementation and future directions for OCC technology.