A novel algebraic solution for moving target localization in multi-transmitter multi-receiver passive radar

This paper investigates the problem of locating a moving target using a passive radar system with multiple transmitters and multiple receivers. The bistatic range and bistatic range rate between each transmitter and receiver are used as the measurements. A novel algebraic solution employing two-step weighted least squares (2WLS) minimizations is proposed. In the first step, the measurement equations are linearized by introducing multiple additional parameters and a WLS minimization is used to obtain a rough estimate; then in the second step, the known relation between the additional parameters and the target location parameters is utilized to refine the estimate. Theoretical accuracy analysis indicates that the proposed algorithm achieves the Cramer-Row lower bound, and Monte-Carlo simulations demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms existing algorithms.