Reversible heat pump HVAC system with regenerative heat exchanger for electric vehicles: Analysis of its impact on driving range

Results confirm that air conditioning, consuming up to 32% of the energy required for traction on a daily commute, highly impacts on the all-electric range, which can decrease to 72 km from a base value of 94 km. In heating mode, replacing a resistor with a heat pump reduces consumption by 17-52% depending on geographical context, which proves to be highly effective in particularly demanding summer conditions lessening the driving range decrease up to 6%.