Theoretical and numerical analysis of counter-flow parallel convective exchangers considering axial diffusion

In all cases we found an optimal Péclet number for the cold or hot effectiveness. Even if, as expected, the larger the Péclet the larger the Nusselt number, high transfer performances are found to be poorly efficient and/or to necessitate non-compact elongated exchangers. Performance degradation arising at high Péclet number are found to be related to “convective leaks” taking place within outlets. A fully developed regime occurs at large Péclet and/or for long exchangers, which is fully determined by the first eigenvalue of the generalized Graetz mode decomposition, which is an extension of classical Graetz analysis. Numerical results are found consistent with a generalized linear relation between effectiveness and the number of heat transfer units asymptotically established in the convection dominated regime. This study opens new perspectives for micro-heat exchangers where moderate convection provides the best effectiveness and compactness. This contribution is also useful for giving reference solutions to counter-flow exchangers with realistic inlet/outlet boundary conditions.