3D anisotropic mesh adaptation by mesh modification

This paper describes an effective anisotropic mesh adaptation procedure for general 3D geometries using mesh modification operations. The procedure consists of four interacted high level components: refinement, coarsening, projecting boundary vertices and shape correction. All components are governed by an anisotropic mesh metric field that represents the desired element size and shape distribution. The paper presents the application for the procedure in anisotropic adaptive 3D simulations.