| Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 506992 | Computers & Geosciences | 2016 | 9 Pages |
•Earthquakes, groundwater wells, and geothermal energy are examined.•Integration of multiple visualization techniques into KML.•Efficient memory use of KML data structures.•The models are interactive and open access.•The models can be used on any modern computer system and smartphone devices.
This paper presents techniques and interactive models for multi-dimensional analyses and geospatial visualization in virtual globes based on three application examples: (1) earthquakes around the world, (2) groundwater well levels in Texas, and (3) geothermal subsurface heat indexes in Texas.While studies are known that represent multi-dimensional geospatial data points, we develop and suggest multi-dimensional models for virtual globes using KML and KMZ (compressed KML files) with a complete and static time series data set. The benefit of this approach for the user is the ability to view and analyze time-based correlations interactively over the entire time span in one instance, which is not possible with animated (dynamic) models.The methods embedded in our models include: (a) depth layered cueing within subsurface Earth visualization for a better orientation when maneuvering below the ground, (b) a technique with Ternary Visual Shape Logic (TVSL) as a quick indicator of change over time, and (c) different visual representations of multiple dimensions for the addressed case study examples. The models can be applied to a variety of problems in different disciplines, especially to support decision-making processes.
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