Use and reuse of amphorae. Wine residues in Dressel 2-4 amphorae from Oplontis Villa B (Torre Annunziata, Italy)

The results of the analyses indicate that all the amphorae were coated with Pinaceae products which had undergone different stages of preparation. Moreover, they confirm that Dressel 2-4 contained wine, or its derivatives, as wine markers were identified in all the samples. The data we obtained demonstrated that the amphorae analyzed were not new vessels, expressly made to trade the wine produced in the surrounding area, but were ready to be reused.