Glucose microfluidic fuel cell using air as oxidant

A bioanode was constructed using glucose oxidase enzyme (GOx) supported on multiwalled-carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in the presence of glutaraldehyde (GA) (GOx/MWCNTs-GA) and evaluated in an air-breathing hybrid glucose microfluidic fuel cell (HG-μFC). The air-breathing HG-μFC operated under physiological conditions (5 mM glucose at pH 7 with an air-exposed cathode) delivers an open circuit value of 0.72 V with 610 μW cm−2 of maximum power density, and shows potential possibilities to develop future implantable applications.