On interpreting load paths and identifying a load bearing topology from finite element analysis

Load paths can be mapped from vector plots of ‘pointing stress vectors’. They define a path along which a load remains constant as it traverses the solution domain. This definition and a procedure for plotting the paths have been presented elsewhere. An iterative algorithm that assigns high modulus to the elements on the path to define a load bearing topology has also been presented. In this paper properties of the plots are identified. They enable a designer to interpret the structural behaviour. Simple structural components for each type of load transfer are defined. Using these properties and components, a procedure to sketch the topology from the paths is proposed. The procedure is expected to be useful at the conceptual phase of the design process. The topologies sketched are compared with topologies defined by the iterative algorithm. Application to a bolted joint, a racing car body and a yacht hull demonstrate the usefulness of the paths to first interpret the structural behaviour and then define a load bearing topology.