An improved energy management strategy for a hybrid fuel cell/battery passenger vessel

A 25.5 m long passenger vessel is used and its propulsion system is modelled in MATLAB/Simulink environment using the SimPowerSystems toolbox. The performance of the proposed PI energy management strategy is compared to original PI, equivalent fuel consumption minimization strategy (ECMS), and state-based energy management strategies in terms of consumed energy, battery state of charge, fuel cell efficiency, hydrogen consumption, and the stresses seen by each power source of the hybrid system taking into consideration a daily operation of 8 h. Results indicate that a daily hydrogen saving of 3.5%, 1.7%, and 1.4% compared to the ECMS, state-based, and the original PI strategies respectively can be achieved by adopting the proposed PI strategy in addition to lower stress on the fuel cell.