The physical properties of phosphate calcium glass doped with titanium oxide nanoparticles

The present study was aimed to prepare and investigate the phosphate calcium glass doped with different concentrations of titanium oxide nanoparticles. The structures of xTiO2 (100 − x) P2O5CaO glasses, with x = 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 were studied by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The time-dependent fading behavior of TL characteristics was investigated. The kinetic parameters, such as kinetics order, activation energy, and frequency factor, related to the glow peak were determined using the TolAnal software. The thermoluminescence (TL) characteristics of these irradiated glasses with gamma radiation doses, were studied in the temperature range 50-400 °C, and with a heating rate of 30 °C/s. The gamma irradiation was performed in the range of 1-500 Gy. The glow curves of the blank sample 50P2O5 50CaO, exhibited a dosimetric peak at temperature of nearly about 200 °C, and the high-temperature peak was at 300 °C; while after the addition of TiO2, only one peak was observed at 300 °C. The sample 37.5P2O5 - 37.5CaO - 26TiO2 induced the generation of TL signals upon irradiation, and with the highest TL response. The linear dose response was observed up to 500 Gy