Efficient dehydration of fructose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in aqueous medium over silica-included heteropolyacids

Addition of MIBK into the reaction system can increase both of fructose conversion and HMF selectivity. Besides, MIBK showed a positive effect in increasing the stability of the catalyst by suppressing the formation and deposition of humins over catalyst surface. After the third catalysis cycles, a stabilization of the catalytic activity was observed.