Interfacial engineering for highly efficient organic solar cells

Interfacial engineering using metal oxides, organic surface modifiers and other materials can effectively enhance the performance of conventional and inverted organic solar cells by reducing energy barriers for charge transport, while improving compatibility between organic active layer and inorganic metal oxides or transparent conducting electrodes. This short review introduces several important classes of interfacial materials which have been widely successful in improving the efficiency of organic solar cells, and covers some of the recent advances in this field.