Flavor physics and CP violation

We currently live in the age of the CKM paradigm. The 3  × 3 matrix that links (d,s,b) quarks to (u,c,t) in the charged current weak interaction, being complex and nominally with 18 parameters, can be accounted for by just 3 rotation angles and one CP violating (CPV) phase, with unitarity and the CKM phases triumphantly tested at the B factories. But the CKM picture is unsatisfactory and has too many parameters. The main aim of Flavor Physics and CP violation (FPCP) studies is the pursuit to uncover New Physics beyond the Standard Model (SM). Two highlights of LHC Run 1 period are the CPV phase ϕs of Bs mixing and Bs→μ+μ− decay, which were found to be again consistent with SM, though the saga is yet unfinished. We also saw the emergence of the P5′ angular variable anomaly in B0→K∗0μ+μ− decay and RK(∗) anomaly in B→K(∗)μ+μ− to B→K(∗)e+e− rate ratios, and the BaBar anomaly in B→D(∗)τν decays, which suggest possible New Physics in these flavor processes, pointing to extra Z′, charged Higgs, or leptoquarks. Charmless hadronic, semileptonic, purely leptonic and radiative B decays continue to offer various further windows on New Physics. Away from B physics, the rare K→πνν decays and ε′∕ε in the kaon sector, μ→e transitions, muon g−2 and electric dipole moments of the neutron and electron, τ→μγ,μμμ,eee, and a few charm physics probes, offer broadband frontier windows on New Physics. Lastly, flavor changing neutral transitions involving the top quark t and the 125 GeV Higgs boson h, such as t→ch and h→μτ, offer a new window into FPCP, while a new Z′ related or inspired by the P5′ anomaly, could show up in analogous top quark processes, perhaps even link with low energy phenomena such as muon g−2 or rare kaon processes. In particular, we advocate the potential new SM, the two Higgs doublet model without discrete symmetries to control flavor violation, as SM2. As we are close to the alignment limit with h rather SM-like, flavor changing neutral Higgs couplings (FCNH) are suppressed by a small mixing angle, but the exotic Higgs doublet possesses FCNH couplings, which we are just starting to probe. As LHC Run 2 runs its course, and with Belle II B physics program to start soon, there is much to look forward to in the flavor and CPV sector.