Nanosecond pulsed electric field induced dose dependent phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate signaling and intracellular electro-sensitization

Schematic 1. This diagram outlines nsPEF-induced mechanisms of known effects on the cellular plasma membrane. nsPEF-induced intracellular signaling, specifically hydrolysis of PIP2, activates multiple downstream events explaining the multifarious effects observed previously. It is important that events presented in the schematic 1 appear to be EF dose dependent. The ability to control or manipulate concentration of PIP2 in the internal leaflet of the plasma membrane by nsPEF will allow us noninvasively and drug free regulate physiological homeostasis at cellular level.179