Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
5508406 | Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids | 2017 | 84 Pages |
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that maintains nutrient homeostasis by degrading protein aggregates and damaged organelles. Autophagy is reduced in aging, which is implicated in the pathogenesis of aging-related diseases, including cancers, obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondria-derived phospholipids cardiolipin, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylglycerol are critical throughout the autophagic process, from initiation and phagophore formation to elongation and fusion with endolysosomal vesicles. Cardiolipin is also required for mitochondrial fusion and fission, an important step in isolating dysfunctional mitochondria for mitophagy. Furthermore, genetic screen in yeast has identified a surprising role for cardiolipin in regulating lysosomal function. Phosphatidylethanolamine plays a pivotal role in supporting the autophagic process, including autophagosome elongation as part of lipidated Atg8/LC3. An emerging role for phosphatidylglycerol in AMPK and mTORC1 signaling as well as mitochondrial fission may provide the first glimpse into the function of phosphatidylglycerol apart from being a precursor for cardiolipin. This review examines the effects of manipulating phospholipids on autophagy and mitophagy in health and diseases, as well as current limitations in the field. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Lipids of Mitochondria edited by Guenther Daum.
Keywords
CDP-DAGLC3CCCPPGPBNIP3Mfn1PLA2AMPKmTORC1TAZSCD1CGI-5812/15-lipoxygenaseMFN2NBDETNERMESVps34GFP-LC3PI3KC3OMMnitrobenzoxadiazoleNIXALCAT1BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa interacting protein 3CRD1MGM1MLCLTLCLWIPI2GPiPSIImTORMAMMEFNHX1PINK1ATGAMP-activated protein kinaseCDP-diacylglycerolMitochondrial DNAopa1Na+/H+ exchanger 1vacuolar pHPI(3)PPTEN-induced putative kinase 1ROSoptic atrophy 1phospholipase A2EthanolamineAutophagyAtglimmLOXinner mitochondrial membranemtDNAelectron transport chainendoplasmic reticulumouter mitochondrial membranePhotosystem IIphosphatidylinositolphosphatidylglycerolphosphatidylglycerolphosphatephosphatidylethanolaminePhosphatidylserinephosphatidylinositol-3-phosphatePhosphatidylinositol 3-kinaseadipose triglyceride lipaseRetrograde regulationmouse embryonic fibroblastMonolysocardiolipinMitophagymitofusin 1mitofusin 2Mechanistic target of rapamycinETcautophagy-related geneCdSCardiolipin synthaseCardiolipincarbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazineglycosylphosphatidylinositolReactive oxygen species
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Authors
Paul Hsu, Yuguang Shi,