Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
5512685 | Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy | 2017 | 58 Pages |
Abstract
The antidepressant-sensitive norepinephrine (NE) transporter (NET) inactivates NE released during central and peripheral neuronal activity by transport into presynaptic cells. Altered NE clearance due to dysfunction of NET has been associated with the development of mental illness and cardiovascular diseases. NET activity in vivo is influenced by stress, neuronal activity, hormones and drugs. We investigated the mechanisms of Ca2+ regulation of NET and found that Ca2+ influenced both Vmax and Km for NE transport into cortical synaptosomes. Changes in extracellular Ca2+ triggered rapid and bidirectional surface trafficking of NET expressed in cultured cells. Deletion of residues 28-47 in the NET NH2-terminus abolished the Ca2+ effect on surface trafficking. Mutagenesis studies identified Thr30 in this region as the essential residue for both Ca2+- dependent phosphorylation and trafficking of NET. Depolarization of excitable cells increased surface NET in a Thr30 dependent manner. A proteomic analysis, RNA interference, and pharmacological inhibition supported roles of CaMKI and CaMKII in Ca2+-modulated NE transport and NET trafficking. Depolarization of primary noradrenergic neurons in culture with elevated K+ increased NET surface expression in a process that required external Ca2+ and depended on CaMK activity. Hippocampal NE clearance in vivo was also stimulated by depolarization, and inhibitors of CaMK signaling prevented this stimulation. In summary, Ca2+ signaling influenced surface trafficking of NET through a CaMK-dependent mechanism requiring Thr30.
Keywords
IP3dorsal ventral1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid tetrakis(acetoxymethyl ester)CaMKKKRHbisindolylmaleimideLDCVdesipramineDMICaMKHBSSDATFBSinositol 1,4,5-trisphosphateMAPKDopamine transporterChoBAPTA/AMChinese Hamster OvaryMinLarge dense core vesiclesNETCNSminutefetal bovine serumMass spectrometryHank’s balanced salt solutionBIMnorepinephrinehemagglutininAffinitymitogen activated protein kinaseCa2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinaseAnterior-Posterior
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Authors
Uhna Sung, Francesca Binda, Valentina Savchenko, William A. Owens, Lynette C. Daws,