Information sharing using entangled states and its applications to quantum card tricks

Quantum superposition states, especially, quantum entangled states, are useful for several fields such as quantum computation, quantum cryptography, quantum game theory, and so on. In this paper, first, we propose methods to share entangled states without communication among players that may not know each other. Next, we introduce quantum cards and propose some quantum card tricks using this sharing method. For example, we propose tricks such that by sharing an entangled state between two spectators secretly, magicians make a spectator's card number and another spectator's card number the same.