Effects and mechanisms of compound Chinese medicine and major ingredients on microcirculatory dysfunction and organ injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion

Article ID	Journal	Published Year	Pages	File Type
5557673	Pharmacology & Therapeutics	2017	106 Pages	PDF

Abstract

Compound Chinese medicine (CCM) has been applied in clinics in China and some Asian nations for >Â 2000Â years. Studies over the past decades revealed the protective and therapeutic effect of CCMs and major ingredients on I/R-induced microcirculatory dysfunction and tissue injury in the heart, brain, liver, intestine, and so on. CCM contains diverse bioactive components with potential for energy metabolism regulation; antioxidant effect; inhibiting inflammatory cytokines release; adhesion molecule expression in leukocyte, platelet, and vascular endothelial cells; and the protection of thrombosis, albumin leakage, and mast cell degranulation. This review covers the major works with respect to the effects and underlying mechanisms of CCM and its ingredients on microcirculatory dysfunction and organ injury after I/R, providing novel ideas for dealing with this threat.

Keywords

AMPK NF-κB α-SMA MMP LPS TGF-β1 COP TSI TSA AMP CAT BAI TMP PAL GPX HO-1 mTOR ICAM-1 Bcl-2 ERS RAS TCM Cordyceps sinensis MBC MCP-1 Angelica archangelica Sophora flavescens RES RAAS RLC TLR UPR PKC eIF2α LC3 CMM AT1 ATF6 Bcl HSYA Paeonol Ginsenoside Rg1 CTF Heme oxygenase-1 WPT Baicalin paeoniflorin GRP78 Z-ligustilide Tanshinone IIA Ginsenoside Rb1 RCT MOA PAE baicalein CTP SCU RBCs RB1 RGT CDT SFI Ginsenoside Rd Rg1 OMT Salvia miltiorrhiza RCD BBR Ginsenoside Rg3 Rg3 Tanshinone I Rehmannia glutinosa Astragalus membranaceus Rhizoma Coptidis Ginsenoside Re Uncaria rhynchophylla TXL tongxinluo Scutellarin Ginsenoside Rb3 Oxymatrine MLB Dalbergia odorifera Panax notoginseng RPR PNG Momordica charantia RALP Notoginsenoside R1 Xuebijing injection L-THP Shenfu Injection Ribosomal protein S19 PI3-kinase Inositol-Requiring Enzyme-1α Flos Carthami Radix bupleuri Radix Paeoniae Rubra Scutellaria Barbata Red blood cells CCm I/R IRE1α LIG MAPK OGD/R ROS Tetramethylpyrazine Wls Adenosine Triphosphate ATP adenosine monophosphate Astilbin AST Angiotensin II Tight junction Astragaloside IV Endoplasmic reticulum stress Osthole Schisandrin B salvianolic acid A Salvianolic acid B Ost α-smooth muscle actin NADPH oxidase ischemia and reperfusion interleukin Berberine dHI DLA Transforming growth factor-β1 Danhong injection Oxidative stress tumor necrosis factor alpha TUNEL Toll-like receptor Ang II Resveratrol Radix scutellariae rhynchophylline light chain 3 SalA SOD BBB Superoxide dismutase Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system endoplasmic reticulum traditional Chinese medicine eukaryotic initiation factor 2α Vascular endothelial growth factor TNF-α Nuclear factor-kappa B phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase activating transcription factor 6 LAD B-cell lymphoma-2 Levo-tetrahydropalmatine Magnesium lithospermate B lipopolysaccharide matrix metallopeptidase Chinese materia medica Blood-brain barrier Energy metabolism intercellular adhesion molecule-1 NAD Vascular permeability Nitric oxide nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase NAD, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide mammalian target of rapamycin Hydroxysafflor yellow A Unfolded protein response Palmatine monocyte chemotactic protein 1 glucose-regulated protein 78 Protein kinase C mitogen-activated protein kinase protocatechuic aldehyde PERK Astragalus polysaccharide SMS Radix Angelicae Sinensis left anterior descending Catalase Catalpol Caffeic acid Ginkgo biloba Coptisine glutathione peroxidase Reactive oxygen species ANG II type 1 receptor