Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
5614521 | Journal of Cardiology | 2017 | 11 Pages |
Abstract
Every tenth patient with a cardiac pacemaker or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implanted is expected to have at least one lead problem in his lifetime. However, transvenous leads are often difficult to remove due to thrombotic obstruction or extensive neointimal fibrotic ingrowth. Despite its clinical significance, knowledge on lead-induced vascular fibrosis and neointimal lead encapsulation is sparse. Although leadless pacemakers are already available, their clinical operating range is limited. Therefore, lead/tissue interactions must be further improved in order to improve lead removals in particular. The published data on the coherences and issues related to lead associated vascular fibrosis and neointimal lead encapsulation are reviewed and discussed in this paper.
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Authors
Jonas PhD, Marko Dipl.-Biol., Martina PhD, Thomas PhD, Tina PhD, Niels PhD, Andreas PhD, Dietmar PhD,