Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
5619525 | Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases | 2017 | 22 Pages |
Abstract
Exercise events and sport participation have increased over recent decades. The average age of sports participants has also increased with a potential parallel increase in the number of exercise participants with both occult and diagnosed cardiovascular disease (CVD). Habitual physical activity and exercise training reduce atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) risk in a curvilinear fashion by affecting multiple ASCVD risk factors. Nonetheless, exercise also increases the risk of sudden cardiac death in both young and adult individuals with occult CVD making it important to balance the risks and benefits of exercise and exercise training in these individuals. There are essentially no carefully designed clinical trials to inform clinicians how to definitely manage athletes with occult CVD. We provide a narrative review of the risks and benefits of exercise in active individuals with CVD, and our approach to evaluating and managing these risks.
Keywords
SCDPCILGEMFSHCMLDL-CSCAACSASCVDright ventricle/right ventricularARVCCACCMRAmIImplantable cardioverter defibrillatorAtherosclerosisMyocardial infarctionlate gadolinium enhancementleft ventricle/left ventricularcoronary artery diseasecardiovascular diseaseAtherosclerotic cardiovascular diseasecongenital cardiac diseasecardiac magnetic resonance imagingExercise trainingCardiac rehabilitationCoronary artery bypass graft surgeryCABGSudden cardiac arrestICDLeft atriumCVDMarfan's syndromeAcute coronary syndromeAcute myocardial infarctionCADBlood pressurePhysical activityAtrial fibrillationcardiovascularMETSpercutaneous coronary interventionSudden cardiac deathMetabolic equivalentsexerciseArrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathyHypertrophic cardiomyopathylow density lipoprotein cholesterolCoronary artery calcification
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Authors
Antonio B. Fernandez, Paul D. Thompson,