Les spécificités de la brûlure chez l'enfant

Burn is still a frequent accident in children and particularly occurs in young children under 4 years. The majority were caused by hot liquids (scalds) with mixed-dermal burns and is commonly treated conservatively with surgery performed at 10-15 days post-injury after healing of superficial burn. Patients with burns greater than 10% need early fluid resuscitation and adequate nutritional support to avoid deepening with infection, improve healing and survival. Hypovolemic shock could be very abrupt in children. Prophylactic prevention of infection and optimization of healing before 21 days improve quality of scar. Management with rehabilitation team is more important in children than in adults because hypertrophic scar and retraction can restrain growth and function particularly for palmar hand burns occurring at the beginning of walking. Follow-up is essential during the growth to assess scar tension requiring secondary surgery. Better knowledge of injury mechanisms should facilitate education and prevention programs and decrease the incidence.