Mini review: Update on bioaugmentation in anaerobic processes for biogas production

•Bioaugmentation improves the efficiency of biomethane production.•So far, bioaugmentation focuses on increasing volatile fatty synthesis.•Bioaugmentation with Mathanosarcina archaea holds a potential in biomethane production.•Use of genetically modified organisms and nanoparticles still await exploration in bioaugmentation.

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is increasingly being used and exploited as a strategy to generate biomethane, which can be used as a renewable and clean energy. AD rests on the biodegradation of organic compounds in anaerobic condition, and these organic compounds are generally agricultural-, industrial- and domestic-wastes. However, problems of AD decrease efficiency, as the result of bioreactor stress, are generally encountered. The primarily cause of this stress is the presence of high concentrations of inhibitory substances such as nitrate, sulfate, heavy metals and oxygen among others. Another cause of AD decrease efficiency is the use of organic compounds that are less amenable to biodegradation such as lignocellulosic compounds. One of the strategies to overcome these limitations is the addition in bioreactors of “stress resistant”- or “efficient biomethane generating”- microorganisms to improve AD process. This strategy, known as bioaugmentation, has been used for the last 15 years to increase biomethane production. In this review, work carried out on this bioaugmentation process has been summarised, and new strategies that could be used or exploited to improve the success of this approach have also been discussed.