Extended-spectrum β-lactamases and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in enterobacterial clinical isolates from neonates in Tunisia

•Nosocomial infection in neonates.•Emergence of ESBL.•Emergence of qnr resistance genes.

This study was conducted to investigate extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates from the Center of Maternity and Neonatology of Monastir, Tunisia. Fourty-six strains out of 283 were found to produce ESBL: Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 37), Escherichia coli (n = 6), Enterobacter cloacae (n = 2), and Citrobacter freundi (n = 1).Genotyping analysis, using ERIC2 and RAPD, showed that strains were clonally unrelated.PCR amplification followed by sequencing revealed that all strains produced CTX-M-15. This enzyme was co-produced with TEM and SHV determinants in 34 and 36 strains respectively. The blaCTXM-15 gene was bracked by ISEcp1 and/or IS26 in 42 out of the 46 ESBL positive strains.The quinolone resistance determinants were associated to the ESBL producing isolates: we identified the qnrB1 gene in six isolates and the aac(6′)-Ib-cr gene in five isolates.This epidemiological study shows the widespread of CTX-M-15 and qnr determinants among enterobacterial isolates from neonates hospitalized at the center of Maternity and Neonatology of Monastir suggesting either mother portage or horizontal transmission.