Bond graph modeling of heat and humidity budgets of biosphere 2

Biosphere 2 is a closed ecosystem located near Tucson, Arizona, designed for studying the interactions between different biological species among each other and with their materially closed controlled environment, taking into account the limited resources that such an environment provides. Energy considerations play a central role in how these interactions play out. To this end, bond graph models were designed that enable the researcher to better understand the nature of these interactions, hopefully offering some insight into the much larger ecosystem of planet Earth.