The spatial framework for weight sensitivity analysis in AHP-based multi-criteria decision making

•We developed a new methodology to evaluate weight sensitivity in AHP-based MCDM.•The method was integrated into a comprehensive framework in GIS environment.•The framework was implemented as AHP-SA2 tool with spatial visualisation capability.•The tool functionality was demonstrated using a case study of real-world example.•The free software can be widely used to interdisciplinary fit-for-purpose applications.

Criteria weights determined from pairwise comparisons are often the greatest contributor to the uncertainties in the AHP-based multi-criteria decision making (MCDM). During an MCDM process, the weights can be changed directly by adjusting the output from a pairwise comparison matrix, or indirectly by recalculating the matrix after varying its input. Corresponding weight sensitivity on multi-criteria evaluation results is generally difficult to be quantitatively assessed and spatially visualized. This study developed a unique methodology which extends the AHP-SA model proposed by Chen et al. (2010) to a more comprehensive framework to analyze weight sensitivity caused by both direct and indirect weight changes using the one-at-a-time (OAT) technique. With increased efficiency, improved flexibility and enhanced visualization capability, the spatial framework was developed as AHP-SA2 within a GIS platform. A case study with in-depth discussion is provided to demonstrate the new toolset. It assists stakeholders and researchers with better understanding of weight sensitivity for characterising, reporting and minimising uncertainty in the AHP-based spatial MCDM.