ReviewThe evolution of lung transplantation for cystic fibrosis: A 2017 update

Lung transplantation (LTx) is an established therapy for patients with end-stage cystic fibrosis (CF). Indeed, CF is the commonest indication for those aged < 50 years of age needing LTx. CF LTx is associated with a 45% 10 year survival - according to the world's largest registry. It is important all otherwise suitable CF patients with severe lung disease have a timely referral for discussion and consideration of the possibility of LTx. LTx discussions must carefully consider colonisation or infection with Burkholderia cenocepacia, Mycobacterium abscessus and Scediosporium - as good LTx outcomes cannot be guaranteed. A bridge to LTx with extra-corporeal lung support is a realistic option, but remains a relative contraindication to LTx. Improvements in LTx matching technology and post-operative management are steadily improving overall long-term outcomes, although chronic allograft rejection remains problematic. Expert multidisciplinary life-long post-LTx care remains the key to success.