Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
5773103 | Linear Algebra and its Applications | 2017 | 16 Pages |
Abstract
The question of the exact region in the complex plane of the possible single eigenvalues of all n-by-n stochastic matrices was raised by Kolmogorov in 1937 and settled by KarpeleviÄ in 1951 after a partial result by Dmitriev and Dynkin in 1946. The KarpeleviÄ result is unwieldy, but a simplification was given by ÄokoviÄ in 1990 and Ito in 1997. The KarpeleviÄ region is determined by a set of boundary arcs each connecting consecutive roots of unity of order less than n. It is shown here that each of these arcs is realized by a single, somewhat simple, parameterized stochastic matrix. Other observations are made about the nature of the arcs and several further questions are raised. The doubly stochastic analog of the KarpeleviÄ region remains open, but a conjecture about it is amplified.
Related Topics
Physical Sciences and Engineering
Mathematics
Algebra and Number Theory
Authors
Charles R. Johnson, Pietro Paparella,