Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
5827017 | European Journal of Pharmacology | 2015 | 34 Pages |
Abstract
Berberine, a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid, occurs as an active constituent in numerous medicinal plants and has an array of pharmacological properties. It has been used in Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine for its antimicrobial, antiprotozoal, antidiarrheal and antitrachoma activity. Moreover, several clinical and preclinical studies demonstrate ameliorative effect of berberine against several disorders including metabolic, neurological and cardiological problems. This review provides a summary regarding the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic features of berberine, with a focus on the different mechanisms underlying its multispectrum activity. Studies regarding the safety profile, drug interactions and important clinical trials of berberine have also been included. Clinical trials with respect to neurological disorders need to be undertaken to exploit the beneficiary effects of berberine against serious disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Also, clinical studies to detect rare adverse effects of berberine need to be initiated to draw a complete safety profile of berberine and strengthen its applicability.
Keywords
STZNrf2GPX6-HydroxydopamineNF-kBAMPKiNOS5-hydroxytryptaminePGE2DMBAMPTPERKMAOGSKP-gpJun N-terminal kinaseBChEVerapamil (PubChem CID: 2520)Nor-epinephrine5-hydroxytryptamine (PubChem CID: 5202)MDAjatrorrhizine (PubChem CID: 72323)MMP6-OHDACDKTDSGFAPTGF-β1COX5-HTIGFPI3KJnkCmax1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthraceneAMP-activated protein kinaseMAPKP-glycoproteincyclooxygenaseAChEstreptozotocinAcetylcholinesteraseBerberineBerberine (PubChem CID: 2353)Alzheimer's diseaseParkinson's diseaseTransforming growth factor-β1Oxidative stressImmunomodulationtumor necrosis factor-αmaximum serum concentrationcluster of differentiationintra-peritonealper oralCNSDopamineSODblood brain barrierBBBinducible nitric oxide synthaseSuperoxide dismutasecentral nervous systeminhibitory concentrationPharmacodynamicsPharmacokineticsInsulin-like growth factorTNF-αNuclear factor-kBnuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2Matrix metalloproteasesmonoamine oxidaseHIVhuman immunodeficiency virusGlial fibrillary acidic proteinmitogen activated protein kinaseProstaglandin E2extracellular signal-regulated kinasecyclin-dependent kinaseglutathione peroxidaseglycogen synthase kinase
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Authors
Anil Kumar, Ekavali Ekavali, Kanwaljit Chopra, Madhurima Mukherjee, Raghavender Pottabathini, Dinesh K. Dhull,