Intravenous solid tip lead placement in telemetry implanted dogs. Part 1: Surgical methods, signal quality, and pathological endpoints

Advantages of the IV/diaphragmatic lead model include a less invasive and shorter surgical procedure; high tissue tolerance, ECG signal quality, and durability; and data processing procedures similar to that of epicardial leads. Therefore, the IV/diaphragmatic lead configuration is a viable alternative to more invasive surgical approaches for telemetry device implantation in dogs.