Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
5843895 | Pharmacology & Therapeutics | 2016 | 64 Pages |
Abstract
The repair of DNA damage is a complex process that relies on particular pathways to remedy specific types of damage to DNA. The range of insults to DNA includes small, modest changes in structure including mismatched bases and simple methylation events to oxidized bases, intra- and interstrand DNA crosslinks, DNA double strand breaks and protein-DNA adducts. Pathways required for the repair of these lesions include mismatch repair, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, and the homology directed repair/Fanconi anemia pathway. Each of these pathways contributes to genetic stability, and mutations in genes encoding proteins involved in these pathways have been demonstrated to promote genetic instability and cancer. In fact, it has been suggested that all cancers display defects in DNA repair. It has also been demonstrated that the ability of cancer cells to repair therapeutically induced DNA damage impacts therapeutic efficacy. This has led to targeting DNA repair pathways and proteins to develop anti-cancer agents that will increase sensitivity to traditional chemotherapeutics. While initial studies languished and were plagued by a lack of specificity and a defined mechanism of action, more recent approaches to exploit synthetic lethal interaction and develop high affinity chemical inhibitors have proven considerably more effective. In this review we will highlight recent advances and discuss previous failures in targeting DNA repair to pave the way for future DNA repair targeted agents and their use in cancer therapy.
Keywords
HDRRPAMMRPARPBERDNA-PKcsMDSNHEJGG-NERTC-NERDDRERCCPI3Kataxia telangiectasia mutated kinaseAMLFDAATR interacting proteincis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II)SARHTSMre11-Rad50-Nbs1PARPiATRNERFpANAD+xeroderma pigmentosumSSBsDNA damageoligonucleotide/oligosaccharide bindingUltravioletcheckpoint kinaseionizing radiationDNA repairexcision repair cross-complementingnucleotide excision repairDNA mismatch repairbase excision repairreplication protein AATMStructure activity relationshipFood and Drug AdministrationCancerATRIPmyelodysplastic syndromecisplatinsingle strand breaksHigh throughput screennon-homologous end joiningacute myeloid leukemiaMRN complexPARP inhibitorsHomologous recombinationNAD, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotidehomology directed repairDNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunitDNA damage responsepADPrRadiationPoly(ADP-ribose)Poly(ADP-ribose) polymeraseChkFanconi anemia
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Authors
Navnath S. Gavande, Pamela S. VanderVere-Carozza, Hilary D. Hinshaw, Shadia I. Jalal, Catherine R. Sears, Katherine S. Pawelczak, John J. Turchi,