Epigenetic modifications by dietary phytochemicals: Implications for personalized nutrition

Article ID	Journal	Published Year	Pages	File Type
5844034	Pharmacology & Therapeutics	2013	46 Pages	PDF

Abstract

In the last two decades, the study of epigenetic modification emerged as one of the major areas of cancer treatment targeted by dietary phytochemicals. Recent studies with various types of cancers revealed that the epigenetic modifications are associated with the food source corresponds to dietary phytochemicals. The dietary phytochemicals have been used in Asian countries for thousands of years to cure several diseases including cancer. They have been reported to modulate the several biological processes including histone modification, DNA methylation and non-coding microRNA expression. These events play a vital role in carcinogenesis. Various studies suggest that a number of dietary compounds present in vegetables, spices and other herbal products have epigenetic targets in cancer cells. Dietary phytochemicals have been reported to repair DNA damage by enhancing histone acetylation that helps to restrain cell death, and also alter DNA methylation. These phytochemicals are able to modulate epigenetic modifications and their targets to cure several cancers. Epigenetic aberrations dynamically contribute to cancer pathogenesis. Given the individualized traits of epigenetic biomarkers, the personalized nutrition will help us to prevent various types of cancer. In this review, we will discuss the effect of dietary phytochemicals on genetic and epigenetic modifications and how these modifications help to prevent various types of cancers and improve health outcomes.

Keywords

EGFR Sirt1 NF-κB CDK MMP HDACs p53 ERBB2 Catechol-O-methyltransferase DAS EGCG SAM COX-2 HSP90 RAS EGC TCF DMBA FOXO3a AP-1 COMT CBP ERα Bcl2 Bcl-xL PARP MBD SAH c-kit PcG Dnmt DATS diallyl trisulfide Sirt3 Mcm-2 p16INK4a PDCD4 hMLH1 Bmi-1 ZEB1 CCND2 HER-2 MIP-2 IP-10 TIMP-2 PCAF GSTP1 DADS RECK Cdc25a TGFBR2 SIRT2 PEITC Notch1 RASSF1A GCN5 zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 B-cell lymphoma-extra-large S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine TTK Methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase E2F transcription factor S-allylmercaptocysteine SAMC Cyclin D2 NuRD E2F Polycomb group proteins PRMTs TGF-β PRPS1 Forkhead box protein O3 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 dhfr DNA methyltransferase DNA-methylation hTERT Mcl1 OSCs p21WAF1/Cip1 S-adenosyl methionine Sp1 v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 Arginine Akt Loss of imprinting ECG Epigenetics Bax Organosulfur compounds human telomerase reverse transcriptase Diallyl disulfide dihydrofolate reductase diallyl sulfide breast cancer 1, early onset Carcinogenesis Cyld Cyclooxygenase-2 lymphoid enhancer factor Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)Vascular endothelial cell growth factor Transcription factor Sp1 nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 Phytochemicals LOI Lef Lysine matrix metalloproteinase programmed cell death 4 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 MicroRNA MiRNA Histone acetyl transferases histone deacetylase BCL2-associated X protein CREB-binding protein macrophage inflammatory protein 2 tumor protein 53 Heat shock protein 90 activator protein-1 poly ADP-ribose polymerase Phenethyl isothiocyanate BRCA1 Pten HATs cyclin-dependent kinase Estrogen receptor Estrogen receptor alpha Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 Epidermal growth factor receptor