Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
5844109 | Pharmacology & Therapeutics | 2015 | 20 Pages |
Abstract
Each year, about 5-6 cases out of 100,000 people are diagnosed with primary malignant brain tumors, of which about 80% are malignant gliomas (MGs). Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) accounts for more than half of MG cases. They are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Despite current multimodality treatment efforts including maximal surgical resection if feasible, followed by a combination of radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, the median survival is short: only about 15Â months. A deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of these tumors has presented opportunities for newer therapies to evolve and an expectation of better control of this disease. Lately, efforts have been made to investigate tumor resistance, which results from complex alternate signaling pathways, the existence of glioma stem-cells, the influence of the blood-brain barrier as well as the expression of 06-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase. In this paper, we review up-to-date information on MGs treatment including current approaches, novel drug-delivering strategies, molecular targeted agents and immunomodulative treatments, and discuss future treatment perspectives.
Keywords
IDH1GBMEGFRvIIIHspMGMTRAFRASBCNUFTiHDACERKGLI1mTORHGFTKIEGF(R)O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferasePARP-1STAT3mAbTMZVEGF(R)CCNUPDGF(R)TTPHER2Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1Epidermal growth factor receptor variant IIIPI3Kc-MetMAPKPFsMonoclonal antibodyAktMRIprogression-free survivaloverall survivalMagnetic resonance imagingTemozolomideShhTreatmentTargeted therapyRadiotherapymicro ribonucleic acidTime-to-progressionrat sarcomaBBBStem cellsonic hedgehogepidermal growth factor (receptor)Hepatocyte growth factorPharmacologyvascular endothelial growth factor (receptor)phosphatase and tensin homologPhosphotidylinositol 3-kinaserapidly accelerated fibrosarcomaBlood-brain barriersignal transducer and activator of transcription 3ReviewTyrosine kinase inhibitorfarnesyltransferase inhibitorMiRNAmammalian target of rapamycinhistone deacetylase 1PCV یا Pneumococcal conjugate vaccineprotein kinase Bheat-shock proteinPtenextracellular signal-regulated kinasesmitogen-activated protein kinasesGlioblastoma multiformeGlioblastomaMalignant gliomaHuman epidermal growth factor receptor 2hepatocyte growth factor receptor
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Authors
Constantinos Alifieris, Dimitrios T. Trafalis,