Clinical characteristics and long-term clinical outcomes of Japanese heart failure patients with preserved versus reduced left ventricular ejection fraction: A prospective cohort of Shinken Database 2004-2011

BackgroundClinical data on the mortality and morbidity of unselected Japanese patients with heart failure (HF) are limited. In this study, we aimed to determine the clinical characteristics, long-term outcomes, and prognostic factors of Japanese HF patients with preserved or reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).Methods and resultsWe used a single hospital-based cohort from the Shinken Database 2004-2011 that comprised all new patients (n = 17,517) visiting the Cardiovascular Institute Hospital. A total of 1,525 patients diagnosed with symptomatic HF at the initial visit were included in the analysis. Of these, 1121 patients (74%) exhibited a preserved LVEF (>50%) and 404 patients (26%) had a reduced LVEF (≤50%). HF patients with preserved LVEF (HFpEF) were older and more often female than patients with reduced LVEF (HFrEF). Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank test results showed that HFpEF patients had a better prognosis than HFrEF patients. However, there were no significant differences in clinical outcomes between HFpEF and HFrEF patients when the analysis was limited to inpatients. Cox regression analysis showed that HFpEF patients had a significantly lower risk of all-cause death (p = 0.027; hazard ratio, 0.547, 95% confidence interval, 0.321-0.933). Multivariate analyses performed separately showed that the independent predictors of all-cause death in HFrEF were advanced age, lower body mass index, diabetes mellitus, and the absence of statin treatment, whereas those for HFpEF were advanced age, absence of dyslipidemia, anemia, and left ventricular hypertrophy.ConclusionsThis prospective cohort study identified the clinical characteristics, long-term outcomes, and prognostic factors of Japanese HF patients with reduced and preserved ejection fractions in a real-world clinical setting.