Short communicationDermatomyositis as a presentation of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder

ImportanceThis is the first report of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) associated with dermatomyositis (DM).ReportA 40 year-old Caucasian female presented with 6 months of worsening fatigue, rash, acute weakness worse in her lower extremities, and urinary retention. She was found to have both NMOSD and anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene (MDA)5 positive DM with interstitial lung disease (ILD). She was treated aggressively and she regained her ability to ambulate.ConclusionWe recommend considering NMOSD in the differential diagnosis of patients with DM and other autoimmune disorders that also present with clinical signs of myelopathy.