Carbon nanotube-based antimicrobial biomaterials formed via layer-by-layer assembly with polypeptides

Biomaterials capable of suppressing microbial infection are of clear importance in various health care applications, e.g. implantable devices. In this study, we investigate the antimicrobial activity of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) layer-by-layer (LbL) assembled with the polyelectrolytes poly(L-lysine) (PLL) and poly(L-glutamic acid) (PGA). SWNT dispersion in aqueous solution is achieved through the biocompatible nonionic surfactant polyoxyethylene(20) sorbitan monolaurate (Tween 20), and the amphiphilic polymer phospholipid-poly(ethylene glycol) (PL-PEG). Absorbance spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) show SWNT with either Tween 20 or PL-PEG in aqueous solution to be well dispersed, at about the level of SWNT in chloroform. Quartz crystal microgravimetry with dissipation (QCMD) measurements show both SWNT-Tween and SWNT-PL-PEG to LbL assemble with PLL and PGA into multilayer films, with the PL-PEG system yielding the greater final SWNT content. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis inactivation rates are significantly higher (up to 90%) upon 24 h incubation with SWNT containing films, compared to control films (ca. 20%). This study demonstrates the potential usefulness of SWNT/PLL/PGA thin films as antimicrobial biomaterials.

Graphical abstractFigure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload high-quality image (319 K)Download as PowerPoint slideHighlights► First to employ SWNT as the primary antimicrobial agent within an LbL assembled film. ► Improved aqueous dispersibility of SWNT via amphiphilic molecules: Tween & PL-PEG. ► Quantified adsorbed mass of SWNT and polymers in LBL assembly via QCMD. ► Inactivated ∼90% of bacteria (gram positive and negative) upon 24 h of contact.