Properties of β-sitostanol/DPPC monolayers studied with Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction (GIXD) and Brewster Angle Microscopy

Although the influence of structurally modified sterols on artificial membranes has been intensively investigated, studies on the properties of stanols, which are saturated analogs of sterols, are very rare. Therefore, we have performed Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction (GIXD) experiments aimed at studying in-plane organization of a plant stanol–β-sitostanol monolayer and its mixtures with 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine – DPPC at the air/water interface. The collected GIXD data, resulting in-plane parameters and BAM images provide information on molecular organization and in-plane ordering of the investigated films. It was found that the lateral organization of β-sitostanol/DPPC monolayers depends on their composition. The oblique structure of the in-plane lattice of tilted hydrophobic region of molecules, found for DPPC film, is maintained at 10 mol% of stanol in the system. However, at 30 and 90 mol% of stanol in the mixture, the arrangement of molecules is hexagonal and they are oriented perpendicularly to the interface. With the addition of stanol the extend of the in-plane order of the monolayers decreases. Moreover, in mixtures the ordered domains consist of both monolayer’s components. Additionally, β-sitostanol film is of similar in-plane organization as the corresponding sterol monolayer (β-sitosterol) and stanol induces condensing effect on DPPC.

Graphical abstractπ-A isotherm for β-sitostanol/DPPC monolayer (Xβ-sitostanol = 0.3) and BAM images taken at various stages of compression. Bragg peak I(Qxy) profile (A) and corresponding Bragg rod profile I(Qy) (B) for β-sitostanol/DPPC film (Xβ-sitostanol = 0.3) (π = 30 mN/m).Figure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload high-quality image (56 K)Download as PowerPoint slideHighlights► In-plane organization of β-sitostanol/DPPC films studied with GIXD technique. ► Molecular arrangement of phytostanol/DPPC mixtures depends on films composition. ► Extend of the in-plane order of films decreases with the addition of stanol. ► The ordered domains in the mixed systems consist of both monolayer’s components.