Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
6114581 | Autoimmunity Reviews | 2015 | 11 Pages |
Abstract
To date, the available options to treat autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) include traditional corticoids and biological drugs, which are not exempt of adverse effects. The development of cellular therapies based on dendritic cells with tolerogenic functions (TolDCs) has opened a new possibility to efficiently eradicate symptoms and control the immune response in the field of autoimmunity. TolDCs are an attractive tool for antigen-specific immunotherapy to restore self-tolerance in RA and other autoimmune disorders. A promising strategy is to inject autologous self-antigen-loaded TolDCs, which are able to delete or reprogram autoreactive T cells. Different protocols for the generation of stable human TolDCs have been established and the therapeutic effect of TolDCs has been investigated in multiple rodent models of arthritis. Pilot studies in humans confirmed that TolDC application is safe, encouraging clinical trials using self-antigen-loaded TolDCs in RA patients. Although an abundance of molecular regulators of DC functions has been discovered in the last decade, no master regulator of tolerogenicity has been identified yet. Further research is required to define biomarkers or key regulators of tolerogenicity that might facilitate the induction and monitoring of TolDCs.
Keywords
NSAIDSNF-κBAHRNODLPSDEXDAMPsPD-L1HO-1TCrRANKLPAMPsTGFβERKGMPPPARTCDDEAEDCsCXCR4GM-CSFIDOCIIHeme oxygenase-1ITIMTRAF6CCR7Th17SOCSDMARDsIFNγTregsSHP-1MFG-E8DC-SIGNDCIRISRERIGTZDIRF-3cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4Th1TolDCsTh2Tr1TNFAIP3BLIMP-1FcγRIIbVD3FICZRIP1Id3C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4RLRsCLRsMPLAB lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1ILT3TNFCTLA-4peroxisome-proliferator activated receptorimmunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxinIFNARTLRscollagen-induced arthritisRheumatoid arthritisSTATexperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitisdamage-associated molecular patternspathogen-associated molecular patternsinterferon-gammainterleukinindoleamine 2,3-dioxygenaseBAFFTAMtransforming growth factor-betaGood Manufacturing PracticethiazolidinedionesNon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugsdisease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugsnucleotide-binding oligomerization domainDexamethasoneRaldh2Rankglucocorticoid-induced leucine zippersuppressor of cytokine signalingDendritic cellsTolerogenic dendritic cellsCIAInterferon regulatory factor 3interferon-stimulated response elementTNF receptor associated factor 6tumor necrosis factornuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cellslipopolysaccharideMonophosphoryl lipid AProgrammed death ligand 1granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factorSignal transducer and activator of transcriptionMHCmajor histocompatibility complexcarbon monoxideVitamin D3growth arrest-specific gene 6Type II collagenextracellular signal-regulated kinaseGas6Glucocorticoidsaryl hydrocarbon receptortype I interferon receptorToll-like receptorsReceptor activator of nuclear factor κBGilz
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Authors
Katina Schinnerling, Lilian Soto, Paulina GarcÃa-González, Diego Catalán, Juan C. Aguillón,