DC13PC bilayers from anomalous swelling to main transition: An X-ray scattering investigation

We have performed small-angle (SAXS) and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) measurements on the lamellar phase and on large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) of DC13PC in the temperature range corresponding to the anomalous swelling regime of multibilayer systems, adjacent to the chain melting transition, and across the transition. Our SAXS measurements indicate that on cooling from the LαLα phase, a uniform progressive swelling of the lamellar system to anomalous distances, starting ∼2°C above the main transition, is followed by a region of coexistence, covering the width of the transition (∼0.6°C). Across the transition region, a progressively increasing volume fraction of gel phase with a constant Pβ′Pβ′ interlamellar distance coexists with a decreasing amount of nongel phase that keeps on swelling to longer distances. Along both the swelling and the transition regions, anomalies in the specific heat are observed revealing a two-step process. Simultaneous WAXS experiments show a progressive “density” increase along the swelling region, constituting a direct spectroscopic evidence of an “evolving membrane” approaching the transition in a bulk real system. Calorimetric and densitometric measurements on LUVs are also presented, together with WAXS results, that show the existence of a double step main transition in a single component nanosized closed bilayer.

Graphical abstractSAXS and WAXS picture of the DC13PC multilamellar system from fluid to gel, along the anomalous swelling region and across the chain melting transition.Figure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload as PowerPoint slide