Probing the viscoelastic response of glassy polymer films using atomic force microscopy

The mechanical properties of glassy films and glass surfaces have been studied using an atomic force microscope (AFM) through various imaging modes and measuring methods. In this paper, we discuss the viscoelastic response of a glassy surface probed using an AFM. We analyzed the force–distance curves measured on a glassy film or a glassy surface at temperatures near the glass transition temperature, TgTg, using a Burgers model. We found that the material's characteristics of reversible anelastic response and viscous creep can be extracted from a force–distance curve. Anelastic response shifts the repulsive force–distance curve while viscous creep strongly affects the slope of the repulsive force–distance curve. When coupled with capillary force, due to the condensation of a thin layer of liquid film at the tip-surface joint, the anelasticity and viscous creep can alter the curve significantly in the attractive region.